RSV explained: protection for babies, pregnant women and older adults

Respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, is a common respiratory virus that most people catch at some point. For many it feels like a cold, but for young babies and older adults it can cause serious illness. Protection options have expanded in recent years, so it is worth knowing what is available.

What RSV is

RSV spreads through droplets when someone coughs or sneezes, and by touching contaminated surfaces. It circulates mostly in the cooler months, although cases can occur year round.

In babies, RSV is a leading cause of bronchiolitis and hospital admission. In older adults and people with heart or lung conditions, it can cause pneumonia and worsen existing illness.

Symptoms

Symptoms can include runny nose, cough, fever, wheezing, reduced appetite and tiredness. Babies may have trouble feeding or breathing.

Seek urgent help if a baby is struggling to breathe, has blue lips, is very drowsy or is not feeding. Call Triple Zero (000) in an emergency.

Protection for pregnant women and babies

Australia has a national program to help protect infants from RSV. Pregnant women can receive a free RSV vaccine during a set window in the third trimester, which passes protection to the baby. Some infants may instead receive a long-acting antibody for protection in their first RSV season, depending on eligibility and timing.

Your GP or midwife can explain which option suits your situation and the recommended timing.

Options for older adults

RSV vaccines are available for older adults, who are at higher risk of severe illness. Eligibility for a funded dose and recommendations by age and health conditions have been changing, so ask your GP whether you are eligible and whether it is recommended for you.

People with chronic heart or lung disease, diabetes or weakened immunity may particularly benefit from discussing RSV protection.

Everyday ways to reduce spread

Wash hands regularly, cover coughs and sneezes, stay home when unwell, and avoid contact with newborns if you have cold symptoms. Cleaning frequently touched surfaces also helps.

These habits help protect against flu, COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses too.

RSV, flu and COVID-19: what is the difference

RSV, influenza and COVID-19 are all respiratory viruses that can cause similar symptoms, including cough, fever and tiredness. Testing is the only reliable way to know which virus is causing illness, and your doctor can advise whether testing is needed.

Each virus has its own vaccines and timing. Keeping up to date with recommended vaccines for all three offers broader protection, especially for those at higher risk.

Caring for a baby with a cold

Most babies with RSV have mild symptoms that can be managed at home. Keep their nose clear with saline drops, offer smaller, more frequent feeds and let them rest. Keep them away from cigarette smoke and vapour.

Seek medical advice if your baby is feeding less than half the usual amount, has fewer wet nappies, is breathing fast or working hard to breathe, or if you are worried.

Protecting grandparents and older family members

Older adults can catch RSV from grandchildren and family members, and the reverse is also true. Simple steps, such as staying away when unwell, washing hands and considering vaccination where recommended, help protect everyone.

If an older person develops shortness of breath, confusion or worsening of an existing condition during a respiratory illness, seek medical advice promptly.

Getting vaccinated in Morisset

Immunisations for pregnant women, children and older adults are available at Morisset Doctors. Book online through HotDoc or call (02) 4006 8222 to discuss eligibility and timing.

Bring your immunisation history if you have it, or we can check the Australian Immunisation Register.

Frequently asked questions

This article provides general health information only and is not a substitute for individual medical advice. Everyone's situation is different. Please book an appointment to discuss your own health. In an emergency, call 000.